Can Hypnotherapy Retraumatize Me? An Honest Answer from an RCH

The honest answer

Yes, retraumatization is a real risk in hypnotherapy. I want to say that first, plainly, before any qualification, because the consumer-facing content on this question is dominated by reassurance that minimizes a concern that deserves to be taken seriously. If you have trauma history and you are reading this page, you are doing the right thing by asking. The answer is not nothing, and it is not catastrophic. The answer is conditional, and the conditions are knowable.

Here is the conditional version. Retraumatization risk in hypnotherapy is a function of two variables: practitioner training and the kind of work being attempted. With a trauma-informed practitioner who screens for trauma history at intake, declines to do recovered-memory work, builds stabilization first, and refers severe untreated trauma to trauma-trained primary care, the risk is materially reduced. With a non-trauma-trained practitioner attempting deep emotional or memory-based work in a client with significant unprocessed trauma, the risk is meaningful. The risk is not a feature of hypnotherapy itself, it is a feature of mismatched practitioner training and client presentation. That distinction is the entire content of this page.

A second blunt sentence, also said early. If you have known significant trauma history and you are searching for help, your first call should be to a trauma-trained registered psychologist or psychiatrist, not to a hypnotherapist who is not also a registered psychotherapist. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT), EMDR, Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and Prolonged Exposure (PE) are the evidence-based first-line treatments for PTSD. Hypnotherapy is not in that first-line set. It can serve as adjunct, after stabilization, alongside primary trauma treatment, in coordination with the primary clinician. It is not where to start when trauma is the presenting concern.

I am writing this page because the people most likely to ask this question, intelligent adults with trauma history who are doing careful research before booking anything, deserve a straight answer rather than a soft sell. As a Registered Clinical Hypnotherapist (RCH), I work within a defined scope of practice that does not include treating severe untreated trauma as primary care. Diagnosis and primary treatment of mental health conditions including PTSD belong to registered psychologists, psychiatrists, and licensed mental health practitioners, not to hypnotherapists. That is a regulatory reality and an ethical boundary, and saying it openly is part of how I think a credentialed practice operates.

The frame for the rest of this page. I will define what retraumatization actually means, because the word is used loosely in casual conversation and precisely in clinical contexts and the difference changes the analysis. I will name the specific conditions under which retraumatization risk is highest, and the specific conditions under which it is materially reduced. I will distinguish trauma-informed practice (a structured skill set) from generic gentleness (not the same thing). I will be specific about when hypnotherapy can safely help with trauma-adjacent presentations and when it is the wrong primary tool. I will give you the questions to ask any practitioner you are considering, and what good answers sound like. By the end, you should be able to make an informed decision either way. If your conclusion is that hypnotherapy is not for you right now, that is a valid outcome.

One framing note before we go further. Hypnotherapy is not a regulated health profession in Alberta or in most Canadian provinces. RCH is a credential of training, ethics, scope of practice, and insurance, conferred by the Association of Registered Clinical Hypnotherapists (ARCH), not a government licence. That regulatory gap is part of why explicit scope-of-practice statements exist and why this kind of direct page exists. In an unregulated landscape, the honest practitioner has to be the one who names limits clearly, because there is no licensing body doing it for them. You are right to want that clarity before you sit in the chair.

What 'retraumatization' actually means

Retraumatization, used precisely, means a treatment experience that re-activates the original trauma response in a way that compounds rather than resolves. The trauma response can show up as hyperarousal (racing heart, shaking, hypervigilance), intrusive memories or flashbacks, dissociation (zoning out, depersonalization, derealization), panic, somatic flashbacks (the body remembering something the conscious mind has not put words to), or a wave of grief, rage, or shame that the client has no scaffolding to integrate. The clinical marker is that the client leaves the session more dysregulated than they arrived, with the trauma material more activated and less contained, and without the support to process what surfaced.

That definition matters because it distinguishes retraumatization from two adjacent experiences that are not the same thing. The first is intentional trauma processing, which is a structured, contained, deliberately-paced engagement with trauma material delivered by a trauma-trained therapist using a protocol like TF-CBT, EMDR, CPT, or PE. Trauma processing involves activating the trauma response on purpose, in measured doses, inside a therapeutic relationship strong enough to support integration, with a clear plan for what happens between sessions and how the client returns to baseline before leaving. Trauma processing can be uncomfortable, sometimes intensely so, and it is still the opposite of retraumatization, because the activation has containment around it and the client comes through the other side more integrated, not less.

The second adjacent experience is ordinary emotional release in a hypnotherapy session, which can happen with clients who do not have significant trauma history. A client working on performance anxiety might cry during a session as old self-criticism softens, or a client working on smoking cessation might feel a wave of grief about the ways the habit became a coping tool. That is emotional release in the context of current symptom work, not retraumatization. The nervous system is not being flooded with unprocessed trauma material, the integration capacity is intact, and the client typically reports feeling lighter after the session, not more dysregulated.

The mechanism that produces actual retraumatization is identifiable. Trauma material gets engaged without the containment, regulation skills, or therapeutic relationship strong enough to support integration. The engagement might be a hypnotic regression that targets a presumed traumatic event, a leading suggestion that invites the client to revisit a difficult memory, a deep emotional or cathartic technique pursued for a perceived breakthrough, or simply unstructured deep work in a client whose trauma history was never screened for in the first place. In each case, the trauma response activates, the structure to hold it is absent, and the client leaves carrying more than they brought in.

Honest framing, since it matters. Retraumatization is a clinical phenomenon with a real definition, not a vague concern that can be dismissed with reassurance. Understanding what it actually is helps assess risk realistically. It also helps distinguish the situations where the risk is high (specific conditions, specific technique choices) from the situations where the risk is materially reduced (different conditions, different technique choices). The rest of this page works through that distinction in detail.

When retraumatization risk is highest

Risk is not uniform across all hypnotherapy contexts. There are specific scenarios where the risk is materially elevated, and naming them precisely is more useful than generic warnings. Each of the following is a documented failure pattern in the broader literature on hypnotherapy harm and a real consideration in modern practice.

Recovered-memory work in a high-suggestibility client

The highest-risk scenario, and largely abandoned in modern trauma care for good reason. Recovered-memory hypnotic technique deliberately targets presumed-but-unremembered trauma events, often with leading suggestion, in clients who are by definition highly responsive to suggestion in altered states. The 1990s recovered-memory controversy demonstrated, painfully and at scale, that this combination can generate vivid material that feels like memory but is constructed in the session. Beyond the false-memory problem, the technique routinely produces abreaction in clients with no integration plan and no trauma-trained primary clinician, which is the textbook retraumatization recipe. Modern ethical hypnotherapy avoids leading suggestion about pre-existing material precisely because both the false-memory risk and the retraumatization risk are real. As a Registered Clinical Hypnotherapist, I do not do recovered-memory work. A practitioner who advertises it, or who agrees to it on request, is operating outside the modern standard of care. That is a hard line.

Deep emotional or cathartic work without containment skills

Some practitioners attempt deep emotional release work, sometimes called cathartic technique, without the containment skills, stabilization training, or grounding techniques to bring the client back if the release exceeds capacity. The scenario looks like an induction that pushes harder and faster than the client has scaffolding for, with no clear stop-signal, no grounding return path, and no follow-up plan if the client dysregulates between sessions. In a client with no trauma history, this might produce a difficult but recoverable session. In a client with trauma loading, the same technique can flood the nervous system with material it cannot process and leave the client in a worse state for days. Containment is a learned skill, not a default attribute of being a kind person.

Targeting trauma material in severe untreated PTSD or complex trauma

A client with severe untreated PTSD or complex trauma (multiple traumas, developmental trauma, attachment trauma) needs trauma-trained primary care, often with EMDR, TF-CBT, or CPT delivered by a registered psychologist or psychiatrist. Hypnotherapy that targets the trauma material in such a client, rather than current symptom regulation, is operating outside scope and outside the evidence base. The risk is not that hypnosis is dangerous in some general sense. The risk is that targeting the trauma content without the primary trauma framework around it removes the structure that makes processing possible and leaves activation without integration. The honest move when a client presents with severe untreated trauma is referral, not enrollment.

Active dissociative disorder with standard hypnotherapy

Standard hypnotherapy involves heightened internal absorption, which can amplify dissociation in clients with active dissociative disorders (dissociative identity disorder, dissociative amnesia, severe depersonalization or derealization disorder). What feels like a useful focused-attention state for a non-dissociative client can become a doorway the dissociative nervous system was already inclined to use, with the client dissociating more deeply rather than entering a contained therapeutic state. Active dissociative disorders are well outside RCH scope as primary treatment. Specialty trauma care is the right door.

No trauma screening at intake

The most ordinary failure pattern. A practitioner who does not screen for trauma history at intake is, by definition, working blind in any client who happens to bring trauma loading into the room. The client may not volunteer the history, often because they have not been asked, or because previous providers minimized it, or because the format of the intake never made space for it. Without explicit screening, the practitioner cannot select technique appropriately, cannot decide whether to refer out, and cannot tailor the session structure to the client's actual nervous system. Blind work in a trauma-loaded client is the documented failure pattern, and it is the one most commonly produced by non-credentialed practitioners with informal training and no structured intake.

Honest framing on all five. Each of these scenarios is avoidable with appropriate practitioner training and screening. None of them is a feature of hypnotherapy as a modality. They are features of a specific intersection of practitioner choice and client presentation, and that intersection is what determines risk. The vetting questions later in this page exist to help you tell whether the practitioner you are considering is on the safe side of each of those distinctions.

What trauma-informed hypnotherapy practice looks like

Trauma-informed practice is a structured skill set, not a vague disposition toward kindness. The phrase has been diluted in marketing copy to mean little more than the practitioner is a nice person who will be careful with you. Real trauma-informed practice has specific components, and the difference shows up in how the practitioner runs an intake, selects technique, structures sessions, and decides when to refer out. Here is what the structured version looks like.

Comprehensive trauma history screening at intake

Not optional, not glossed over, not a single yes-or-no question. A focused intake conversation includes explicit questions about prior trauma exposure (childhood adversity, relational trauma, medical trauma, accident or assault, combat or first-responder trauma where relevant), prior dissociative episodes, current trauma symptoms (intrusions, flashbacks, hyperarousal, avoidance, dissociation), current treatment (psychiatrist, psychologist, GP, prior therapy), and current medications. The point of asking is technique selection and refer-out decisions, not gatekeeping for its own sake. Most clients will share parts of this history at intake regardless, the structured screening simply makes sure the conversation actually happens.

Stabilization-first framework

Before any deeper or more emotionally engaged work, a trauma-informed practitioner builds somatic regulation skills, grounding techniques, and a strong working alliance. The first sessions might focus on slow breathing, body scanning, present-moment orientation, and self-hypnosis tools the client can use between sessions. The therapeutic relationship itself is part of the stabilization, the client learning that this practitioner notices when something shifts, paces with the nervous system, and does not push past capacity. Stabilization is not a delay tactic, it is the foundation that makes any other work possible without retraumatization risk.

Refer-out for severe untreated trauma

The default posture when a client presents with severe untreated trauma is referral to a trauma-trained registered psychologist or psychiatrist as primary care. Hypnotherapy can serve as adjunct only after stabilization is in place and ideally in coordination with the primary trauma clinician. A practitioner who treats severe untreated trauma as primary work is operating outside scope and outside the evidence base, regardless of how kind their manner is.

No deep memory work, no recovered-memory technique, no leading questions

Trauma-informed hypnotherapy stays forward-focused. The work targets current symptom regulation (anxiety, sleep, somatic arousal, phobia response, performance pressure), not the trauma content. There is no hypnotic regression aimed at presumed-but-unremembered events, no leading suggestion that invites the client to revisit a difficult memory, no cathartic technique pursued for a perceived breakthrough. If trauma material surfaces unexpectedly during a session, the practitioner grounds back to present, ends the session if appropriate, and discusses next steps including whether referral or coordination with primary care is warranted.

Coordination with trauma-trained primary clinician

When the client is in dual care, with hypnotherapy as adjunct alongside primary trauma treatment, a trauma-informed practitioner coordinates with the primary clinician with the client's written consent. A brief letter or call at the start of work outlines what hypnotherapy will and will not target. Periodic check-ins keep the work aligned with the primary trauma plan. Any unexpected surfacing of trauma material is communicated promptly. Coordination is the default posture, not an unusual accommodation.

Window-of-tolerance awareness

The window of tolerance is the range of nervous system arousal in which a person can experience emotional content and still think, feel, and integrate. Above the window is hyperarousal (overwhelm, panic, dissociation), below the window is hypoarousal (shutdown, numbness, collapse). Trauma-informed work stays within the client's window, deliberately, rather than pushing past it for breakthrough moments. Pacing matters more than intensity. The rule of thumb is that the nervous system integrates better through many small reaches than one big push.

Honest framing. Trauma-informed practice is a specific skill set with structure, screening, refer-out criteria, and pacing rules. It is not the same as being nice about trauma. A practitioner can be compassionate, gentle, and well-meaning, and still cause harm if they do not have the structured framework around their gentleness. The questions later in this page are designed to help you tell which kind of practitioner you are talking to.

When hypnotherapy can safely help with trauma-adjacent presentations

The honest middle ground that the consumer-facing content rarely lands on. Hypnotherapy can serve a real role for clients who carry trauma history but whose presenting concern is not trauma itself, in coordination with appropriate primary care. The work stays narrow, forward-focused, and current-symptom oriented. Here are the specific cases where it fits.

Current anxiety symptoms that travel with trauma history

Many clients with trauma history carry chronic somatic anxiety, hypervigilance, or generalized arousal that is downstream of the trauma but not actively about it on a session-to-session basis. Hypnotherapy targeted at the current somatic arousal, using relaxation, self-hypnosis tools, and present-moment orientation, can reduce day-to-day symptom load without working the trauma material itself. Hammond 2010 (PMID 20183733) reviewed the broader evidence for hypnosis in anxiety and stress-related presentations and found it useful as an adjunctive intervention for generalized anxiety, situational anxiety, and stress-related symptoms, with effect sizes comparable to other psychotherapeutic interventions, while noting heterogeneity across studies. The point is regulation of the current nervous system, not processing of the underlying trauma, which belongs in primary care.

Sleep disruption tracking trauma history

Sleep disruption is one of the most stubborn downstream symptoms of trauma loading and one of the most amenable to hypnotherapy adjunct. The work targets sleep architecture, bedtime physiology, the hypervigilance that fires at 3 a.m., and self-hypnosis tools the client uses themselves between sessions. It does not target the trauma content. When sleep symptoms are foregrounded and trauma symptoms are stable in primary care, hypnotherapy adjunct for sleep is often a reasonable next step, see the broader trauma-adjacent hypnotherapy spoke for more on this distinction.

Specific phobia in a client with broader trauma history

Specific phobias (flying, needles, dental, enclosed spaces) sometimes coexist with trauma history without the phobia itself being a direct trauma response. Hypnotherapy targeted at the specific trigger, using systematic desensitization and resourcing, can reduce phobic response without engaging the broader trauma material. The intake makes the distinction explicit, what is the phobia about, what is the trauma about, what stays in scope and what does not. With clean separation, the phobia work is straightforward.

Stress recovery practice when trauma is in stable care elsewhere

For clients whose trauma is in stable care with a primary trauma clinician, hypnotherapy can serve as an ongoing stress recovery practice, supporting day-to-day regulation between primary sessions. This is the cleanest adjunct case. The primary trauma framework is in place, the integration capacity is supported by the primary clinician, and the hypnotherapy work targets resilience and ordinary regulation. Coordination between providers, with the client's consent, keeps everything aligned.

Honest framing on the adjunct role. Hypnotherapy can be useful for trauma-adjacent clients in coordination with trauma-trained primary care, working on current symptoms rather than trauma content. It is rarely the primary trauma treatment itself, the evidence base for hypnotherapy as monotherapy for PTSD or complex trauma is not where the evidence base for TF-CBT, EMDR, CPT, and PE is. Knowing what role hypnotherapy plays, and what role it does not play, is part of an honest scope of practice.

When hypnotherapy is the wrong primary tool for trauma

Equal-and-opposite section. There are presentations where hypnotherapy is the wrong primary tool, and a credentialed trauma-aware practitioner will say so plainly and refer out rather than enroll the client. Each of the following is well outside RCH scope as primary care, and naming them clearly is part of how an honest practice operates.

Severe untreated PTSD with active intrusive symptoms

Active intrusive memories or flashbacks, hyperarousal that disrupts daily function, avoidance that is shrinking life, mood disturbance that is significant and trauma-linked. The right primary care is a trauma-trained registered psychologist or psychiatrist, often with EMDR, TF-CBT, CPT, or PE. Hypnotherapy as primary care for active severe PTSD does not have the evidence base, and pursuing it instead of evidence-based primary treatment is a documented harm pattern. Refer-out is the right call.

Complex trauma

Developmental trauma, multiple traumas, attachment trauma, the layered cumulative trauma that does not fit neatly into a single-incident PTSD frame. Specialty trauma care is the primary modality, often with practitioners specifically trained in complex trauma frameworks (Internal Family Systems with trauma extensions, sensorimotor psychotherapy, structural dissociation models, phase-oriented complex trauma protocols). Hypnotherapy is rarely appropriate as primary treatment for complex trauma, and where it has any role at all it is as a small adjunct piece inside a much larger primary care framework.

Active dissociative disorder

Dissociative identity disorder, dissociative amnesia, severe depersonalization or derealization disorder. Specialty trauma care with practitioners trained specifically in dissociation. Standard hypnotherapy can worsen dissociation in this population by amplifying internal absorption in a nervous system that already uses dissociation as its stress response. The right answer at intake is direct referral to a dissociation specialist, not modification of hypnotic technique.

Recent acute trauma (within ~90 days)

Acute traumatic stress in the days and weeks after an event has its own care framework. Stabilization, basic safety, sleep support, social support, and watchful waiting are the priorities. Active intervention with deeper modalities including hypnotherapy is generally not appropriate during the acute phase, and well-designed acute trauma care emphasizes not pushing the nervous system to process before it has had time to stabilize. The right next step in the acute phase is acute trauma services (often through primary care, psychiatry, or specialized acute trauma programs), not hypnotherapy.

Active suicidality with trauma history

Active suicidality is a psychiatric emergency. The right next step is emergency psychiatric assessment, your local crisis line, mobile mental health response, or psychiatric emergency department. Hypnotherapy is not the right next step in any acute crisis frame, and a credentialed practitioner will say so directly and help you find the appropriate resources rather than enrolling you in sessions.

Honest framing on all five. A credentialed trauma-aware hypnotherapist will refer these scenarios out without hesitation. A practitioner who agrees to treat any of them as primary work is operating outside scope, and the documented red flags around scope-of-practice violation, lack of refer-out posture, and overclaim become directly relevant to vetting. Refer-out is not a failure of the modality. It is the modality working as it should, inside its actual evidence base and inside the credentialed scope.

How to vet a practitioner if you have trauma history

If you take one section of this page into a consultation with any practitioner, take this one. Five minutes of these questions will tell you whether the practitioner you are talking to is trauma-aware or operating blind. The questions are designed so that good answers and bad answers sound different, the difference is structural rather than tonal.

"Do you screen for trauma history at intake, and how?"

The right answer is a structured one. Explicit questions about prior trauma exposure, prior dissociative episodes, current symptoms, current treatment, current medications. The practitioner can describe what is in the screening and why each piece is there. The wrong answer is vague. "I ask about it if it comes up" or "I trust the client to share what is relevant" are not trauma screening, they are absence of trauma screening with extra steps.

"What is your protocol if my trauma material surfaces during a session?"

The right answer involves grounding back to present, ending or pausing the session if appropriate, a check-in conversation about what happened, and a clear referral path to trauma-trained primary care if needed. The wrong answer is "we will work through it" or "I help you process it in the session." A non-trauma-trained practitioner offering to process trauma material in the session is the documented failure pattern.

"Do you do recovered-memory work?"

The right answer is no, with reasoning. The practitioner can explain why modern hypnotherapy avoids recovered-memory technique, the false-memory risk, the retraumatization risk, the lack of evidence base. The wrong answer is yes, or any version of "sometimes, when the client is ready," or "I can help you remember things you have forgotten." A practitioner offering recovered-memory work is operating outside the modern standard of care, and that is a hard pass regardless of how compelling the rest of their pitch sounds.

"Will you coordinate with my trauma-trained psychologist with my consent?"

The right answer is yes, with examples of how that works. A brief letter or call at the start of work, periodic check-ins, prompt communication if anything unexpected surfaces. The wrong answer is no, or "I prefer to work independently," or any version of "your other provider does not need to know what we are doing." Refusal to coordinate with primary care providers is one of the documented red flags.

"When would you tell me I should be in trauma-trained primary care rather than hypnotherapy alone?"

The right answer involves clear refer-out criteria the practitioner can articulate before you start. Severe untreated PTSD with active intrusive symptoms, complex trauma, active dissociative disorder, recent acute trauma, active suicidality. The wrong answer is vague reassurance that hypnotherapy can help with anything, or absence of any clear refer-out posture. A practitioner who cannot tell you where their scope ends is a practitioner who has not thought carefully about scope.

"What does trauma-informed practice mean to you specifically?"

The right answer is structural, the components named earlier in this page (screening, stabilization-first, refer-out, no recovered-memory work, window-of-tolerance, coordination). The wrong answer is tonal, "I am gentle" or "I create a safe space" or "I am very careful with trauma clients" without any structure underneath. Tone matters, but tone without structure is not trauma-informed practice, it is being a kind person without the framework.

On the credential side. ARCH (the Association of Registered Clinical Hypnotherapists) is one of Canada's professional credentialing bodies for clinical hypnotherapists, and ARCH-registered practitioners hold the Registered Clinical Hypnotherapist (RCH) designation. ARCH membership requires verifiable training documentation, continuing education, professional liability insurance, a criminal record check including vulnerable sector screening, and adherence to a published code of ethics and scope of practice. ARCH is not a government regulator, hypnotherapy is not a regulated profession in most Canadian provinces. The credential signals training, ethics, insurance, and scope, not government licensure. You can verify any practitioner's RCH status through the ARCH directory.

Honest framing on vetting. The questions above are structural diagnostics. They are designed so that even a charming and well-marketed practitioner without real trauma-informed training will produce different answers than a structured one. You do not need to be a clinician to use them, you need only to listen for whether the answers have substance underneath them.

What CHC's trauma posture looks like

Concrete description of how this practice operates, since the page would be incomplete without it. Calgary Hypnosis Center (CHC) is a Registered Clinical Hypnotherapy practice in Calgary, virtual sessions across Canada, run by Danny M., RCH, credentialed through ARCH. The trauma posture follows the structured trauma-informed framework described above.

Trauma history screening at every intake, not optional. Severe untreated trauma is referred to trauma-trained registered psychologists or psychiatrists as primary care, with hypnotherapy serving as adjunct only after stabilization is in place and ideally in coordination with the primary trauma clinician. Standard hypnotherapy work targets current symptoms (anxiety, sleep, IBS, phobia, performance pressure, smoking cessation, habit change) and current response patterns, not recovered memory and not trauma excavation. Coordination with trauma-trained primary care, with the client's written consent, is the default posture in dual care.

CHC services include hypnotherapy for stress and anxiety, sleep disorders, smoking cessation, weight management, chronic pain (migraine, back pain, fibromyalgia), phobia desensitization, performance anxiety, and habit change. Per-session fee is $220 CAD, paid at time of service, no admin fees. Sessions delivered virtually across Canada and in-person in Calgary. Initial commitments vary by condition: typically 3 sessions for habit change, 4 to 6 sessions for anxiety and chronic pain, single-session protocols (with optional reinforcement) for smoking cessation. A detailed receipt with the practitioner's ARCH registration number is provided for any reimbursement attempt.

Insurance side note. Hypnotherapy is generally not directly covered under Canadian extended health benefit plans. Some clients can claim related programs (stress management, behavioural change) under a Wellness Spending Account if their plan offers one. Coverage rules depend entirely on plan design, so check with your insurance provider before booking.

The conservative principle. When in doubt about whether hypnotherapy is the right next step for a client with trauma history, the default is referral. The cost of unnecessary referral is low, you have a conversation with another provider and either come back to hypnotherapy after stabilization or stay where you land. The cost of a missed referral can be retraumatization. That asymmetry shapes the posture, and it is the reason the consultation exists, to surface trauma history and technique fit honestly before any commitment is made. See the broader safety hub for related questions, including the related false-memory safety question and the related control safety question.

Honest framing on the practice posture. Trauma-informed practice within RCH scope is well-defined. CHC operates within that scope and refers out where appropriate. The same posture, applied consistently across intakes, is what makes the answer to the page title question conditional rather than catastrophic in this practice. Other practices operate differently, and the vetting questions in the previous section exist so you can tell what kind of practice you are walking into before you decide.

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